Guwahati, Dec 31: Assam in 2024 stood at the crossroads of social reform, economic progress, and environmental stewardship. Among the most impactful initiatives was the state’s relentless crackdown on child marriage, a practice deeply rooted in certain communities that perpetuates cycles of poverty, poor health, and inequality. This, along with strides in industrialization, political consolidation, and conservation efforts, marked the year as one of transformation for the state.

A comprehensive look at the major events that shaped the state:

Crackdown on Child Marriage

Building on the foundation laid in 2023, Assam intensified its crackdown on child marriage in 2024. The initiative, spearheaded by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, aimed to address the deeply entrenched practice that adversely affects women’s education, health, and socio-economic opportunities.

The third phase of the drive, launched on December 21, resulted in 431 arrests and 345 new cases, bringing the total number of arrests to 5,348 since the campaign began. Nearly 95% of the cases have seen chargesheets filed, underscoring the administration’s determination to ensure accountability.

Director General of Police G.P. Singh highlighted the operation’s impact, noting significant reductions in maternal and infant mortality rates. Maternal deaths decreased from 766 in 2021-22 to 372 in 2023-24, while infant mortality dropped from 7,908 to 4,790 in the same period. This data reflects the far-reaching benefits of combating child marriage, which has long been associated with early pregnancies and poor health outcomes.

While the campaign faced criticism for disrupting family structures and leaving dependents vulnerable, the government implemented rehabilitation measures, focusing on education and vocational training for underage brides.

Repeal of Assam Muslim Marriage Act, 1935

In a significant legislative move, the Assam government repealed the Assam Muslim Marriages and Divorces Registration Act, of 1935. The Act had permitted the registration of marriages involving minors, with applications allowed by lawful guardians. By abolishing this outdated law, the government aimed to close loopholes that legitimized child marriages and introduce a uniform system of marriage registration.

This repeal aligns with Assam’s broader efforts to ensure compliance with the legal age requirements for marriage—18 for women and 21 for men—across all communities, thereby promoting gender equity and legal uniformity.

Land Rights Protection

The protection of indigenous and tribal land rights received a significant boost in 2024 with the inclusion of Chapter XII in the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation, 1886. This amendment established Protected Blocks, preventing the sale or transfer of land in areas such as Goalpara, Majuli, and Batadrava to individuals outside the notified Indigenous and tribal communities.

These regions hold immense cultural, historical, and ecological significance, and the new safeguards aim to prevent encroachment while preserving the heritage and livelihoods of local communities.

Beef Ban

On December 4, 2024, the Assam government announced a sweeping policy banning the public consumption of beef. This decision, approved during a State Cabinet meeting in New Delhi, expands the Assam Cattle Preservation Act, 2021, which already regulated cattle slaughter, transportation, and sale.

The new amendment prohibits beef consumption in hotels, restaurants, public functions, and community festivals, though private events may still serve it. While aimed at maintaining cultural sensitivities and promoting harmony, the policy has sparked debates on its implementation and broader implications.

Political Landscape: Elections 2024

The 2024 Lok Sabha elections in Assam saw the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) retaining its dominance, securing 9 out of 14 seats. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 3 seats, while the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) and the United People’s Party Liberal (UPPL) each claimed one seat.

Notably, Congress leader Gaurav Gogoi made headlines by defeating the BJP incumbent in Jorhat with a landslide margin of 1.44 lakh votes.

In the state assembly by-elections held on November 13, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) achieved a clean sweep, winning all five contested seats. The BJP won three constituencies, while AGP and UPPL secured one seat each.

Industrial Breakthrough: Tata Semiconductor Plant

Assam marked a milestone in industrial development with the establishment of India’s first indigenous semiconductor assembly and testing facility in Jagiroad, Morigaon district. Announced in February by Tata Electronics, the ₹27,000 crore project is expected to generate over 27,000 jobs, revitalizing the region’s economy.

The facility will be built on 30 acres of the defunct Nagaon Paper Mill, offering renewed hope to employees of the once-thriving industry. The August 3 Bhumi Pujan ceremony highlighted the state’s aspirations to position itself as a hub for high-tech manufacturing in Northeast India.

Environmental Conservation: Amrit Brikshya Jan Andolan

In a remarkable environmental initiative, Assam launched the “Amrit Brikshya Jan Andolan” on September 17, 2023, coinciding with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 73rd birthday. This statewide tree plantation drive aimed to plant one crore (10 million) saplings, engaging communities, schools, and local organizations.

By the end of 2024, the campaign had achieved its ambitious goal, enhancing Assam’s green cover and fostering environmental awareness among its citizens.

The events reflect a state embracing change, addressing long-standing challenges, and paving the way for a more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous future. These events have not only shaped Assam’s trajectory but have also positioned it as a model of progress in the region.

Read: Mizoram’s struggle with biometric enrolment of Myanmar refugees

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