Guwahati, Dec 11: The 25th edition of Nagaland’s Hornbill Festival has emerged as a model for zero-waste, single-use plastic (SUP)-free large-scale events. The festival’s comprehensive approach to sustainability offers a roadmap for music festivals, public gatherings, exhibitions, and fairs worldwide.

Significant Environmental Gains

Officials reported substantial environmental benefits from the festival’s zero-waste initiatives. By banning single-use plastics, nearly 1 lakh SUP items were prevented from being used daily, amounting to approximately 1 million fewer plastic items over the 10-day event. This effort helped mitigate an estimated 50 metric tons of CO₂ emissions, significantly reducing the festival’s carbon footprint. Additionally, the elimination of plastic waste prevented the release of potent greenhouse gases like methane and ethylene, leading to improved air quality in Nagaland.

Circular Economy in Action

Local sourcing of sustainable materials further reduced transportation-related emissions, enhancing the overall sustainability impact. Recyclable waste, including paper, glass, and metals, was collected, sorted, and recycled. This approach exemplifies the principles of a circular economy, where materials are reused and reintegrated into production cycles, thereby conserving resources and saving energy.

A Community-Driven Green Transformation

Inaugurated by Nagaland Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio on December 1 and concluded on December 10, the festival attracted over 2 lakh visitors daily. By aligning with global sustainability goals, the Hornbill Festival has reinforced its position as a trailblazer in environmental conservation. Community-driven waste management, sustainable product alternatives, and educational campaigns were pivotal to the festival’s green transformation.

Multi-Faceted Approach to Eliminate SUPs

The festival adopted a multi-pronged strategy to eliminate single-use plastics. Regulatory enforcement, vendor engagement, and visitor education played a key role. Plastic straws, disposable plates, cups, and plastic bags were banned. Vendors were required to use biodegradable alternatives such as bamboo straws, leaf-based plates, bagasse cutlery, and paper bags. Compliance was ensured through regular inspections by enforcement teams and volunteers. Educational signage and awareness campaigns encouraged visitors to make eco-friendly choices.

Comprehensive Waste Management System

A robust waste management system supported the zero-waste vision. Strategically placed bins for wet, dry, and recyclable waste allowed visitors to dispose of trash responsibly. Volunteers guided attendees on proper waste segregation. Dry waste, including paper, glass, and metals, was processed at a dedicated sorting station before being sent to an authorized recycling centre. Wet waste was composted on-site, with the resulting compost distributed to local agricultural fields and community gardens—a model of circular waste management that benefits both the environment and local livelihoods.

Role of Food Vendors and Visitor Engagement

Food vendors played a crucial role in minimizing waste. They adopted reusable and compostable materials, with plates made from banana leaves and bagasse-based containers becoming a common sight. Visitors were encouraged to bring their own utensils, and reusable items were made available for purchase on-site. Water refilling stations were installed throughout the venue, promoting the use of reusable bottles and reducing reliance on bottled water.

Hygiene and Sanitation Efforts

The festival also emphasized public sanitation. Forty-two toilets were set up across the festival grounds—36 in the Morung (food area) and six in public locations. These facilities were regularly cleaned and maintained, ensuring hygienic conditions for visitors. This focus on sanitation and hygiene reinforced the festival’s commitment to sustainability at every level.

A Blueprint for Sustainable Events

The 25th Hornbill Festival’s successful execution of a zero-waste, single-use plastic-free event serves as an inspiring model for other large-scale events. By integrating community participation, sustainable materials, and a holistic waste management approach, it highlights how cultural festivals can actively combat climate change and reduce environmental impact.

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