Guwahati, July 24: Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati have developed an eco-friendly composite material using Bambusa tulda, a fast-growing bamboo species native to Northeast India, in combination with biodegradable polymers. With its high strength, thermal stability, low moisture absorption, and cost-effectiveness, the innovative material presents a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics used in automotive interiors.
Led by Dr. Poonam Kumari, Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the research addresses the dual challenge of reducing plastic waste and meeting the rising global demand for greener materials in automotive manufacturing.
The findings were published in Environment, Development and Sustainability (Springer Nature), co-authored by Dr. Kumari and research scholars Mr. Abir Saha and Mr. Nikhil Dilip Kulkarni.
The team tested four composite formulations combining Bambusa tulda fibers with bio-based and petroleum-based epoxies. To enhance performance, the bamboo fibers were treated with alkali to improve compatibility with the polymer matrix. The formulations were evaluated across 17 parameters, including tensile strength, thermal resistance, impact durability, water absorption, and cost.
Using a structured Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach, the researchers identified the bio-based epoxy composite “FormuLite” as the best-performing option. It demonstrated low moisture absorption, high thermal stability, and strong mechanical properties. Priced at ₹4,300 per kilogram, the composite is suitable for automotive parts such as dashboards, door panels, and seat backs.
Dr. Kumari said, “This composite can be used in consumer electronics, automobiles, aerospace, and sustainable building materials. It offers a cost-effective alternative to wood, iron, and plastic, while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (7, 8, and 9). It also supports the ‘Make in India’ initiative under the Green Tech Revolution.”
The team is now conducting a full life cycle assessment of the material and plans to scale up production using industrial techniques like compression molding and resin transfer.
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